CHAPTER 10: BACTERIA AND VIRUSES
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared scientifically.
SECTION 1 Vocabulary: BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA
* PROKARYOTE- an organism that consists of a single cell that doesn't have a nucleus.
* BINARY FISSION- a form of asexual rreproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size.
* ENDOSPORE- a thick-walled protective spore that formes inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions .
SECTION 1 Summary: BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA
- There are more bacteria on Earth than all other living things combined.
- The three most common shapes of bacteria are:
* rod shaped
* spherical
* spiral shaped
- all bacteria and archaea cells have no nucleus.
- Prokaryotes reproduce using the process of binary fission. Binary fission is one of the many types of asexual reproduction.
- Endospores are hard peices if amber or another hard substance that an protect an organism caught in it. Over the years, the endopspore breaks and the organism is free.
- There are three types of Archaea:
* heat lovers
* salt lovers
* methane makers
- Unlike bacteria, archaea can live in extreme environments.
SECTION 1 Vocabulary: BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA
* PROKARYOTE- an organism that consists of a single cell that doesn't have a nucleus.
* BINARY FISSION- a form of asexual rreproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size.
* ENDOSPORE- a thick-walled protective spore that formes inside a bacterial cell and resists harsh conditions .
SECTION 1 Summary: BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA
- There are more bacteria on Earth than all other living things combined.
- The three most common shapes of bacteria are:
* rod shaped
* spherical
* spiral shaped
- all bacteria and archaea cells have no nucleus.
- Prokaryotes reproduce using the process of binary fission. Binary fission is one of the many types of asexual reproduction.
- Endospores are hard peices if amber or another hard substance that an protect an organism caught in it. Over the years, the endopspore breaks and the organism is free.
- There are three types of Archaea:
* heat lovers
* salt lovers
* methane makers
- Unlike bacteria, archaea can live in extreme environments.
BINARY FISSION
Binary fission is one of the many types of asexual reproduction. In the first step, the cell grows. Secondly, the DNA is copied and attached to the membrane. Then, the DNA and its copy separate as the cell grows larger. The last step of binary fission is the cell splits in two and each new cell has a copy of DNA.
SECTION 2 Vocabulary: BACTERIA'S ROLE IN THE WORLD
* BIOREMEDIATION- the biological treatment of hazerdous waste by living organisms.
* ANTIBIOTIC- medicine used to kill bacteria and other types of microorganisms.
* PATHOGENIC BACTERIA- bacteria that can cause disease.
SECTION 2 Summary: BACTERIA'S ROLE IN THE WORLD
- The nitrogen fixation is when plants and animals work together to get the nitrogen they need.
- Recycling is when people take trash that can be turned into something you can use over again.
- To help the environment, people gather up and clean up the environment.
- Believe it or not, bacteria is everywhere, even in your food. Bacteria helps break down the sugar in dairy products called lactose.
- To kill bacteria, people
* BIOREMEDIATION- the biological treatment of hazerdous waste by living organisms.
* ANTIBIOTIC- medicine used to kill bacteria and other types of microorganisms.
* PATHOGENIC BACTERIA- bacteria that can cause disease.
SECTION 2 Summary: BACTERIA'S ROLE IN THE WORLD
- The nitrogen fixation is when plants and animals work together to get the nitrogen they need.
- Recycling is when people take trash that can be turned into something you can use over again.
- To help the environment, people gather up and clean up the environment.
- Believe it or not, bacteria is everywhere, even in your food. Bacteria helps break down the sugar in dairy products called lactose.
- To kill bacteria, people
NITROGEN FIXATION
Nitrogen fixation is the process of plants making food and animals eating plants to get the nitrogen. Plants need nitrogen to grow and the 78% of the air is nitrogen, however, modt plants cannot use the nitrogen right out of the air. They need to take in a different type of nitrogen. First the nitrogen enters the soil, then bacteria in the soil and on the roots change the nitrogen into a form plants can use. Then, the animals eat the plants and get the nitrogen theyu need out of the plants.
SECTION 3 Vocabulary: VIRUSES
* VIRUS- a microscopic particle that gets inside a cell that often destroys the cell.
* HOST- an organim from which a parasite takes food or shelter.
SECTION 3 Summary: VIRUSES
- Viruses are very tiny parasties . There can be over one million viruses in one drop of blood.
- Viruses are not living.Viruses don't eat,grow,break down food, or use oxygen.
- There are five different shapes of viruses.
* crystals
* spheres
* cylinders
* space craft
- Some viruses don't go directly into the lytic cycle. Sometimes, the viruses genes sit inside the cell for a long time. Them, they enter the lytic cycle. This cycle is called the lysogenic cycle.
* VIRUS- a microscopic particle that gets inside a cell that often destroys the cell.
* HOST- an organim from which a parasite takes food or shelter.
SECTION 3 Summary: VIRUSES
- Viruses are very tiny parasties . There can be over one million viruses in one drop of blood.
- Viruses are not living.Viruses don't eat,grow,break down food, or use oxygen.
- There are five different shapes of viruses.
* crystals
* spheres
* cylinders
* space craft
- Some viruses don't go directly into the lytic cycle. Sometimes, the viruses genes sit inside the cell for a long time. Them, they enter the lytic cycle. This cycle is called the lysogenic cycle.
THE LYTIC CYCLE
The Lytic Cycle is the cycle of which viruses attack cells and turn them into a virus factory. The first stepis the virus finds a host cell and attches itself to the cell. Then, the virus ingects its genes into the cell. The third step is that the viruses genes force the cell to become a virus factory. Lastly, the new viruses break out of the cell, which kills the cell, and the cycle starts over.