CHAPTER 7:THE EVOLUTION OF LIVING THINGS
OBJECTIVE: Examine the evolution of living organisms through inherited characteristics.
SECTION 1 Vocabulary: CHANGE OVER TIME
* ADAPTION- a characteristic that improves a individuals ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
* SPECIES- a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring.
* EVOLUTION- the process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new species sometimes arises.
* FOSSIL- the trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock.
* FOSSIL RECORD- a historical sequence of life indicated by fossils found in layers in the Earth's crust.
SECTION 1 Vocabulary: CHANGE OVER TIME
- Evolution is the process on which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations, sometimes giving rise to new species. Scientists continue to develop theories to explain how evolution happens.
- Evidence that organisms evolve can be found by comparing living organisms to each other and to the fossil record. Such comparisons provide evidence of common ancestry.
- Scientists think that modern whales evolved from an ancient, land dwelling mammal ancestor. Fossil organisms that support this hypothesis have been foun
-Evidence of common ancestry among living organisms is provided by comparing DNA and inherited traits. Species that have a common ancestor will have traits and DNA that are more similar to each other than those of distantly related species.
SECTION 1 Vocabulary: CHANGE OVER TIME
* ADAPTION- a characteristic that improves a individuals ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
* SPECIES- a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring.
* EVOLUTION- the process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new species sometimes arises.
* FOSSIL- the trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock.
* FOSSIL RECORD- a historical sequence of life indicated by fossils found in layers in the Earth's crust.
SECTION 1 Vocabulary: CHANGE OVER TIME
- Evolution is the process on which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations, sometimes giving rise to new species. Scientists continue to develop theories to explain how evolution happens.
- Evidence that organisms evolve can be found by comparing living organisms to each other and to the fossil record. Such comparisons provide evidence of common ancestry.
- Scientists think that modern whales evolved from an ancient, land dwelling mammal ancestor. Fossil organisms that support this hypothesis have been foun
-Evidence of common ancestry among living organisms is provided by comparing DNA and inherited traits. Species that have a common ancestor will have traits and DNA that are more similar to each other than those of distantly related species.
FOSSIL OF A DINOSAUR
A fossil is the remains of an organism that lived log ago. Most fossils are preserved in sedimentary rock. This is a fossil of a Tyrannosaurus Rex. the T-rex lives in the Mesozoic era. It is a carnivore that eats plant eating dinosaurs.
SECTION 2 Vocabulary: HOW DOES EVOLUTION HAPPEN?
* TRAIT- a genetically determined characteristics.
* SELECTIVE BREEDING- the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits.
* NATURAL SELECTION- the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain the mechanism of evolution..
SECTION 2 Summary: HOW DOES EVOLUTION HAPPEN?
- Darwin explained that evolution occurs through natural selection. His theory had four parts:
* Each species produces more offspring than will survive to reproduce.
* Individuals within a population have slightly different traits.
* Individuals within compete within each other for limited resources.
* Individuals that are better equipped to live in an environment are more likely to survive to reproduce.
- Modern genetics helps explain the theory of natural selection.
* TRAIT- a genetically determined characteristics.
* SELECTIVE BREEDING- the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits.
* NATURAL SELECTION- the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain the mechanism of evolution..
SECTION 2 Summary: HOW DOES EVOLUTION HAPPEN?
- Darwin explained that evolution occurs through natural selection. His theory had four parts:
* Each species produces more offspring than will survive to reproduce.
* Individuals within a population have slightly different traits.
* Individuals within compete within each other for limited resources.
* Individuals that are better equipped to live in an environment are more likely to survive to reproduce.
- Modern genetics helps explain the theory of natural selection.
THE PROCESS OF SELECTIVE BREEDING
Selective breeding is when farmers take organisms with desired traits and breed them. This diagram shows the different canines that humans have breeded.
SECTION 3 Vocabulary: NATURAL SELECTION IN ACTION
* GENERATION TIME- the period between the birth of one generation and the birth of the next generation
* SPECIATION- the formation of a new species as result of evolution.
SECTION 3 Summary: NATURAL SELECTION IN ACTION
- Natural selection explains how populations adapted to changes in their environment. A variety of examples of such adaptions can be found.
- Natural selection also explains how one species may evolve into another. Speciation occurs as populations undergo seperation, adaption, and division
* GENERATION TIME- the period between the birth of one generation and the birth of the next generation
* SPECIATION- the formation of a new species as result of evolution.
SECTION 3 Summary: NATURAL SELECTION IN ACTION
- Natural selection explains how populations adapted to changes in their environment. A variety of examples of such adaptions can be found.
- Natural selection also explains how one species may evolve into another. Speciation occurs as populations undergo seperation, adaption, and division
SPECIATION
Speciation is when a species gets separated and evolvfes so that they can no longer breed. This diagram shows bugs that get seperated and evolve into different species.