CHAPTER 9: CLASSIFICATION
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared scientifically.
SECTION 1 Vocabulary: SORTING IT ALL OUT
* CLASSIFICATION- the division of organisms into groups or classes based on specific characteristics.
* TAXONOMY- the science of describing,naming,and classifying organisms.
* DICHOTOMOUS KEY- an aid that is used to identify organisms and that consists of the answers to series of questions.
SECTION 1 Summary: SORTING IT ALL OUT
- In classification, organisms are grouped according to the characteristics the organisms share. Classification lets scientists answer important questions about the relationships between organisms.
- The eight levels of classification are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
- An organism has one two-part scientific name.
* For example, the scientific name for a Asian elephant is Elephas Maximus.
- A dichotomous key is a tool for identifying organisms that uses a series of paired descriptive statements.
SECTION 1 Vocabulary: SORTING IT ALL OUT
* CLASSIFICATION- the division of organisms into groups or classes based on specific characteristics.
* TAXONOMY- the science of describing,naming,and classifying organisms.
* DICHOTOMOUS KEY- an aid that is used to identify organisms and that consists of the answers to series of questions.
SECTION 1 Summary: SORTING IT ALL OUT
- In classification, organisms are grouped according to the characteristics the organisms share. Classification lets scientists answer important questions about the relationships between organisms.
- The eight levels of classification are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
- An organism has one two-part scientific name.
* For example, the scientific name for a Asian elephant is Elephas Maximus.
- A dichotomous key is a tool for identifying organisms that uses a series of paired descriptive statements.
DICHOTOMOUS KEY
A dichotomous key is a key that asks a series of questions to identify one organism.
SECTION 2 Vocabulary: DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS
* ARCHAEA- in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes that differ from other prokaryotes in the makeup of their cell walls and in their genetics; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Archaea.
* BACTERIA- in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes that differ from other prokaryotes in the makeup of their cell walls and in their genetics; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Bacteria.
* EUKARYA- in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes that differ from other prokaryotes in the makeup of their cell walls and in their genetics; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.
* PROTISTA- a kingdom made up of mostly one-celled organisms that are different from plants, animals and fungus.
* FUNGI- a kingdom mostly made up of non-green, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients.
* PLANTAE- a kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls made of cellulose, cannot move around and use the sun's energy to make sugar by photosynthesis.
* ANIMALIA- a kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can move around, and quickly respond to their environment.
SECTION 2 Summary: DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS
- In the past. organisms were classified as plants or animals. As scientists discovered more species, they found that organisms did not always fit into one of these two categories, so they changed the classification system.
- Today, domains are the largest groups are related organisms. The three domains are Archaea and Bacteria , both of which consists of prokaryotes, and Eukarya ,which consists of eukaryotes.
- The kingdoms of the domain Eukarya are Protista, Fungi, and Animalia.
* ARCHAEA- in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes that differ from other prokaryotes in the makeup of their cell walls and in their genetics; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Archaea.
* BACTERIA- in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes that differ from other prokaryotes in the makeup of their cell walls and in their genetics; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Bacteria.
* EUKARYA- in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes that differ from other prokaryotes in the makeup of their cell walls and in their genetics; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.
* PROTISTA- a kingdom made up of mostly one-celled organisms that are different from plants, animals and fungus.
* FUNGI- a kingdom mostly made up of non-green, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients.
* PLANTAE- a kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls made of cellulose, cannot move around and use the sun's energy to make sugar by photosynthesis.
* ANIMALIA- a kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can move around, and quickly respond to their environment.
SECTION 2 Summary: DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS
- In the past. organisms were classified as plants or animals. As scientists discovered more species, they found that organisms did not always fit into one of these two categories, so they changed the classification system.
- Today, domains are the largest groups are related organisms. The three domains are Archaea and Bacteria , both of which consists of prokaryotes, and Eukarya ,which consists of eukaryotes.
- The kingdoms of the domain Eukarya are Protista, Fungi, and Animalia.
THE DOMAIN EUKARYA
Eukarya is one of the three domains. The domain contains
the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia. All the organisms in the kingdoms are eukaryotic.
the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia. All the organisms in the kingdoms are eukaryotic.
BACTERIA
Bacteria is another one of the three domains. The bacteria
are prokaryotic and have cell walls. This is a type of bacteria lives in your digestive system. It is called ,E. coli bacteria. Most of the types of E. coli are harmless, but one type can cause anemia or kidney failure, which can lead to death.
are prokaryotic and have cell walls. This is a type of bacteria lives in your digestive system. It is called ,E. coli bacteria. Most of the types of E. coli are harmless, but one type can cause anemia or kidney failure, which can lead to death.